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Orange Polska (former Telekomunikacja Polska) is a Polish telecommunications provider established in December 1991. It is a public company traded on the Warsaw Stock Exchange, with a controlling stake owned by Orange S.A., the latter controlling over 50% of this stake by 2002. It operates the following services: PSTN, ISDN, GSM 900/1800 network, ADSL, IDSL, Frame Relay, ATM and Inmarsat. ==History== Company was established in December 1991 as a joint stock company of the State Treasury, following the division of the communist era state-owned entity ''Polish Post, Telegraph and Telephone''. On January 1, 1992, the company was created under the name of 'TPSA'. The company changed its ownership structure in 1998, and began trading on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2000. In the same year, the Treasury sold a 35% stake in TPSA to a consortium of France Télécom and Kulczyk Holding, with the consortium increasing its stake by a further 12.5% in 2001. On 21 December 2007 company was fined PLN 75 million (approximately EUR 20.7 million) by the Polish Office for Competition and Consumer Protection for discriminating against its competitors on the internet services market. Full privatisation of the company was completed in May 2010.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?act=url&depth=1&hl=en&ie=UTF8&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=pl&tl=en&twu=1&u=http://www.msp.gov.pl/portal/pl/29/11509/Prywatyzacja_TP_SA_zakonczona.html&usg=ALkJrhjfmHVhF1bK4tXdDWEAUrBgspmtOA )〕 In 2010 the company reported that they were nearing 500,000 pay TV subscribers, with the number now being 695,000 (as of late 2012). The company currently serves approximately 5.6 million broadband customers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Company )〕 In 2011 TPSA had a $430 million claim filed against them by GN Store Nord (GN), which owns 75% of DPTG, in the second phase of an arbitration trial. Bloomberg reported that, "DPTG won a 2.2 billion-krone award in September at an arbitration tribunal in Vienna. The tribunal said company had improperly calculated what it owed DPTG for a fiber-optic transmission system the venture installed in 1991. "TPSA" owed payments based on data traffic over the network. The companies disagreed over how to measure the traffic and spent nine years in arbitration. The September award covered traffic from 1994 to 2004, and the new claim refers to 2004 to 2009. TPSA hasn’t paid the first award and has filed a complaint over the arbitration, while GN has started enforcement proceedings in Poland and the Netherlands."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-14/gn-store-nord-unit-files-2-4-billion-krone-claim-against-tpsa.html )〕 On 16 April 2012, Telekomunikacja Polska was renamed Orange Polska, in line with France Télécom's international telecommunications branding. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Orange Polska」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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